2015 Australia to New Zealand and Iceland to Greenland

 

          As usual, we brought in the New Year of 2015 at the home of our friends N & H.  Their guests included a combination of neighbors and friends, including Diane and me and our neighbors Julie and Lydia.  The Monday of the second week, I reported for jury duty on a murder trial.  There was an unusually large pool of 120 potential jurors.  Several screening questions were asked, one of which was whether we knew anyone involved in the trial.  I acknowledged that I knew the judge even though I was sure that would disqualify me.  She was a Democrat to whom I had donated money for her retention election. 

I was surprised that at the conclusion of the questioning of jurors by the lawyers, the judge asked whether the issue of homosexuality would present a problem for any of the prospective jurors.  A woman I recognized as the Director of the School of Music stood up and said it would be a problem for her.  I knew there were a number of her faculty who were gay, so it made me wonder how she dealt with them.  Neither she nor I were chosen for the jury.  The trial concerned a gay man who had been murdered.  The defendant was found guilty on Friday of that week, a short trial.

          Early in February, Diane and I drove to St. Louis to spend the night near the airport before starting our 30-hour plus journey to Sydney, Australia.  There we would join Olivia’s Australia and New Zealand Cruise Odyssey on Holland America’s MS Oosterdam.  Although we had been to both countries before, this trip would stop at the island of Tasmania and we would also be able to visit the Hobbiton Movie Set in New Zealand.  After a midday arrival in Sydney, we spent the afternoon strolling around the harbor which was only a short distance from our hotel.  We had great views of the Opera House and the Harbor Bridge.  We could easily see the many people who had booked a climbing trip up the arches.

          Harbor and Opera House         

 

          Harbor and Bridge         

 

 

          View of Harbor Bridge with people climbing up it  

 

 

The next day, we had reservations for a morning tour of the Sydney Opera House. The guide provided the history and descriptions of the architecture, materials and construction of both the interior and the exterior.  Even though the world admires the outside beauty of the building, we gained an even better appreciation of the structure after learning about its internal features.

A close look at the interior of the Opera House

 

Our tickets also included lunch that was served with vertical tiers of platters mounted in a stand that contained boiled shrimp and salad, sliders, steamed dumplings and sushi, all served with ample white wine.  To walk it off, we took the Royal Botanic Garden Harbor Walk where we found people and dogs availing themselves of the outdoors while we enjoyed the fountains, statues, flowers and other plantings.  Before returning to our hotel, we stopped at the Museum of Sydney and viewed the exhibits about local history.

Lunch at Opera House

 

 

Royal Botanic Garden

 

 

I chose a restaurant for dinner that was recommended for its fresh seafood, Fish at the Rocks.  We walked there on a sidewalk that paralleled an elevated highway under which the space was used for a variety of purposes.  One which fascinated us was a soccer field, smaller than regulation size, but very busy.

          Soccer field      

         

Late the next morning we took a cab to the White Bay Cruise Terminal where we boarded our ship.  We unpacked, explored the ship, had an early dinner seating and then enjoyed the Olivia Newton-John show on board.  She grew up in Australia.  The ship was at sea all the next day on its way south to Tasmania.  I used the time to consider the movies we could reserve for the True/False Film Festival in early March.  This was the first time I was not able to do my planning while working on my home computer.  I had to pay for time to use the ship’s computers.  Its internet was very slow as the signal was accessed by satellite dishes.  At this time, only the schedule of movies was available so I was using pencil and paper to figure out what we might want to see, trying different possibilities for the three and a half days.  At home, I would have been doing all of this using Excel spreadsheets.  That evening there was an entertaining show by the comedian Karen Williams.

          We reached the port of Hobart, Tasmania the next morning and left on our shore excursion.  A motor coach took us through the Huon River Valley to the Tahune Forest where we walked along the paths in this old-growth forest while viewing very tall trees with wide girths.  At the end of the path, we strolled almost half a mile through the tree canopy on an elevated walkway called the Air Walk.  We rode back on the motor coach and reboarded the ship.  I wasn’t sure the visit to Tasmania was worth the time spent. 

          Air Walk         


 
          We spent our last day aboard the ship exploring the rugged coastline of Western Greenland.  While some people went ashore and took a long hike, Diane and I took a zodiac cruise along the shoreline enjoying the lively waterfalls.  Others, for some reason I would never understand, went down to the ship’s lowest level where the crew set up a platform that allowed them to jump into the frigid arctic waters.  One of the ship’s undersea specialists launched a remote-control vehicle to observe and photograph the marine life inhabiting the fjord floor.  The images were shown later at our last cocktail hour briefing.

            The next morning, a motor coach took us to have a closer view of the Greenland Icecap near the town of Kangerlussuaq.  We weren’t close enough for much of a view.  Before dropping us off at the nearby airport, we briefly toured the town.  They stopped for us to see some huskies.  Unfortunately, the dogs started fighting with each other, and it was not a good scene.  Diane and I quickly re-entered the bus.  The airport was very busy with long lines everywhere.  We were very happy to finally board our chartered aircraft and fly to Ottawa, Canada where we spent the night.  On July 30, 2015, we flew to Toronto and then to St. Louis where we met our MOX shuttle and were delivered to our front door.  Traveling with National Geographic was always so interesting.  It made me remember why my father had subscribed to their magazine.

Closest view of a glacier

                                    

 

          Me and Diane on the Air Walk in Tasmania          

 

 

Soon the ship was under way for New Zealand on the Tasmanian Sea.  In fact, we were going to be at sea the next two days.  We had great Olivia entertainment on the three nights we were at sea: Roxanna Ward who plays the piano, sings and tells stories, Barbara Higbie who sings and plays piano and violin and Sweet Baby J'ai who sings.  During the day, Olivia kept the guests busy with several entertaining games including some in the swimming pool.

Pool games with “nun” Lisa Koch supervising

 

 

          We finally arrived at the fiords of New Zealand located in the southwest of the South Island, a mountainous area known as Fiordland.  Our ship sailed into the area, joining several others.  Many of the guests stood out on the deck on a dreary misty day viewing the tall cliffs and waterfalls.  Fifteen years earlier, Diane and I had taken a boat ride in one of these fjords, Milford Sound. That day the weather was much nicer.  Even so, it was quite scenic both times.

New Zealand fjord 

         

          After lunch, I spent the afternoon at the ship’s computers, working to reserve tickets for Diane, my sister and myself for the True/False Film Festival.  With the overcast weather, the internet was slower than ever, but finally I was successful.  After dinner, it felt good to relax and enjoy a show featuring the New Zealand entertainers the Topp Twins.  We had not seen these identical twins perform before with their usual show of comedy and music.

          The next morning, we entered the harbor at Port Chalmers where we could see a large number of shipping containers and a small fishing fleet.  We had not signed up for a shore excursion and decided to explore the area on our own.  We walked around the harbor and then walked up the hill to a lovely restaurant for a lunch of fresh fish and chips.  Afterward, we visited the small downtown, touring the city history museum and stopping for a cup of coffee at a location that advertised free internet.  I had a new Galaxy tablet I could slide into a pocket of my back pack and use in the ports free while on a cruise.  The night’s entertainment featured Lisa Koch.  She was on many of our previous Olivia trips and, as usual, sang a song with lyrics she made up about the places we had visited so far.

Port Chalmers

 

          Our next New Zealand port of call was Christchurch.  The area had a major earthquake four years earlier (2011).  Instead of going into the city, we opted for a nature cruise in the nearby Akaroa Harbor.  We visited the extinct Banks Peninsula volcanic crater and saw many curious dolphins including the smallest in the world, Hector’s dolphin.  We also saw New Zealand fur seals, coastal birds and scuba divers exploring the volcanic ruins.  It felt good to be out in the open, enjoying the sun and fresh breezes.  The evening performance was by a woman new to us, Beccy Cole, an Australian country music singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

          Olivia women, including me, enjoying nature          

 

          On our previous visit to New Zealand, we did not stop at Wellington, the capital of New Zealand located on the southern tip of the North Island.  As the ship came into port, we could see a vast number of logs waiting to be shipped.  Instead of doing a shore excursion, we chose to take a shuttle from the port into town so we could visit The Museum of New Zealand usually known as Te Papa (Māori for "the treasure box").  It was an unusual museum because it included five different major collections: art, history, Māori taonga (cultural treasures), Pacific cultures, and natural history.  The museum had recently added fiberglass statues based on the digital models used in the Peter Jackson Hobbit film trilogy made in New Zealand, like an Orc, an Elf Lieutenant and an Elf Soldier.

          Orc          

 

 

As we left the museum, we walked along the harbor and watched the long-canoe crew races.  We stopped at the Crab Shack and had New Zealand mussels with a jar of beer.  Our evening entertainment featured the trio of women: 1) Lisa Koch, Seattle singer/comedian and one-half of the loony sketch-comedy duo Dos Fallopia; 2) Vickie Shaw, Texas comedian and recovering SOB (Southern Baptist) who raised three kids as an out lesbian mother; and 3) Roxanna Ward, demented pianist and cabaret comic.  The three appeared together as the reclusive Barstow Gay Men's Chorus.  The next to last day of the cruise, we were at sea all day on the way north and happy to have the singer Teresa Trull entertain us in the evening.  She (and her horses) had moved to New Zealand from the U.S. in 2011.

Canoe race

 

          Diane and I had been really looking forward to the shore excursion on our last day. After about an hour’s drive from the port of Tauranga we arrived at the location of the movie set used during the filming of The Hobbit film series.  A temporary set was built on the Alexander farm when the filming of The Lord of the Rings series began in 1999 taking only three months to film the Hobbiton scenes.  Afterward the set was demolished, but when the movies were released to enormous success, fans were keen to visit the site.  When Peter Jackson returned to film The Hobbit trilogy in 2009, they decided to build a permanent set of 44 Hobbit Holes and the Green Dragon Inn.  The Hobbit homes were built into the hillside with colorful doors, gardens and gates.  Careful attention was paid to the smallest detail, including artificial leaves on a tree and a fake head of cabbage.  We enjoyed our lunch at the Green Dragon pub and took away more fond memories of the Hobbits.  The entertainer for our last night onboard was Vickie Shaw.

Hobbiton

 

We left the ship and boarded a motor coach early the next morning for a city tour and transfer to the Auckland airport.  We chose this tour instead of a simple transfer to the airport because our flight didn’t leave until evening.  Our group stopped for a visit at the Auckland Museum to see how it told the story of New Zealand, its place in the Pacific and its people.  The motor coach then took us across the Auckland Harbor Bridge to the North Shore.  Our destination was the Seven Stars Restaurant at the tip of a peninsula that provided us with a great view of the harbor and the skyline of downtown Auckland.  After stopping for a dessert of the very rich and tasty New Zealand ice cream, we headed for the airport.

View of downtown Auckland and harbor

 

          Because of the lengthy 22-hour travel time from Auckland, we had decided to spend the night at the motel in St. Louis where we had left our car.  We arrived home in Columbia on a Wednesday afternoon in late February.  Less than a week later, we picked up my sister from the Columbia airport for her annual True/False visit.  Earlene’s stay was a short one this year.  After the BOAT (Based on a True Story) conference and the three and a half days of movies, she left midday the following Monday.

          We then were able to get back into our usual routine of Tai Chi at 8:30 on MWF, the gym on TThS, Muleskinners on Friday noon, Osher classes, plays, concerts and movies.  Diane’s jury duty later in March was cancelled when the defendant and prosecutor agreed on a plea deal.  Joe and Karen arrived from Denver for their annual spring visit.  I was busy working with my friends on their federal and state income taxes.  Diane and I were having friends over for meals and going to their houses or out to restaurants in return. 

          We again wrote and sent out election recommendations for the local April election and were pleased that the voters agreed with us most of the time.  However, I was having feelings of fullness in my head that led to some dizziness and balance issues.  In particular, I was having a lack of confidence while riding my bicycle on the trail.  I had more fear of falling and actually did a couple of times, although I was always very lucky to fall into a bush with little damage except to my pride.  I made an appointment with an ENT doctor.  He prescribed triamterene/hctz and after several months there was improvement.  He also wrote a prescription for physical therapy to work on my balance.  The exercises didn’t seem to make any difference with my balance, but I finished the appointments.  Because of my poor balance, my physical therapist also told me that it was not a question of whether I was going to have a bad fall, but rather a question of when I would have a bad fall on my bicycle.  With that said and my own current lack of enjoyment in riding, I decided to give my bicycle to our massage therapist whose children could readily use it to ride to school.  Diane was not happy about my stopping riding and declared that she would continue to ride by herself.

          Diane’s sister Susan flew back for a Columbia visit.  We took her to see the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas.  She spent the rest of her time in Columbia visiting with a local friend.  Susan expressed an interest in learning to play the piano, so Diane and I agreed to send her an electronic keyboard and gave her the first workbook our piano teacher had given Diane. We hoped that her young daughter might try to learn the keyboard as well.  Also in May, our medical student completed her studies, and we attended a graduation party at her apartment, meeting her boyfriend and parents.  She was going to intern in pediatrics at a Knoxville hospital. 

          In June, we missed a few concerts early in the Hot Summer Nights symphony series because of a trip to Buffalo, New York.  We went there to attend a conference sponsored by the Center for Free Inquiry (CFI) entitled Reason for Change.  The title was intended to communicate the belief that science, reason and secularism could be positive forces during change.  I particularly enjoyed the speakers on GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms), alternative medicine and climate change, as well as the talk by Richard Dawkins.  He was a British evolutionary biologist and author well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.  We also enjoyed seeing again the woman we had met at the Women in Secularism conference in Alexandria. 

The next to last day, we had several speakers: Stephen Law, a British philosopher and editor of Think, a journal on secularism and superstition; Ronald A. Lindsay, executive director of CFI on the future of the organization; and Tom Flynn on New York’s Freethought Trail.  In the afternoon, we went across the border into Canada.  We first stopped at the Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory, one of the largest glass-enclosed butterfly conservatories in North America.  It featured over 2,000 vibrantly colored butterflies which fluttered above the winding pathways with lush vegetation and waterfalls.  It was the best of its kind I had ever visited.  We then proceeded to lunch at a revolving restaurant overlooking Niagara Falls.  We had time to observe the falls from many viewpoints before returning to the U.S. to spend the night in Buffalo.

Butterflies

 

On the last day, we boarded a motor coach and visited a few of the 185 marked and unmarked sites important to the history of radical social reform in west-central New York State.  We first visited the R. G. Ingersoll Museum.  He was a lawyer, writer and orator during the mid-19th-century Golden Age of Freethought, who campaigned in defense of agnosticism.  After a luncheon and wine tasting (we were in the wine producing area of New York), we visited the home of the suffragist Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the nearby Women’s Rights National Historical Park in Seneca Falls.  After dinner at the Belhurst Castle overlooking Seneca Lake, we returned to Buffalo to spend the night before flying back to Columbia the next day.

We enjoyed the remainder of the Hot Summer Nights events including the one for Chair Sponsons.  But the most exiting happening was on June 26 when the United States Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that because the fundamental right to marry extended to same-sex couples, same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision rendered same-sex marriage legal throughout the entire United States including Missouri.  In anticipation of this, Diane had arranged for the ACLU to be prepared to have a staff member come to Columbia and for press coverage of the first gay couple (actually two lesbians) married at the Boone County Courthouse.  We and several of our friends, like Larry and Carl and our neighbors, Julie and Lydia, were on hand to be interviewed as well.  It was also a good opportunity for Democrats running in next year’s election to make speeches.

In late June, I transferred my last four municipal bonds from Wells Fargo to a Vanguard account.  The other bonds had all been called by the issuers and only these four remained.  I could then close the Wells Fargo account, leaving only one brokerage company with which to deal.  Life was getting simpler.

In mid-July, we flew to Keflavik International Airport in Iceland to join the National Geographic trip entitled Along the Viking Trail: from Iceland to Greenland.  As usual, Diane and I took the opportunity to sign up for the extended Iceland pre-tour.  In preparation, I read Frozen Out by Quentin Bates.  It was a police procedural thriller featuring female Officer Gunnhildur. The book was set in 2008 Iceland, just as its financial meltdown began. 

We arrived in Keflavik quite early in the morning and our departure for the north of the island didn’t leave until the afternoon, so the guide who greeted us took us on a brief tour.  We first walked around a park named Stekkjarkot where there were turf houses that showed how people in Iceland lived at the end of the 19th century.  We could peek inside to get a glimpse of Icelandic life at that time.  We then went on to the Viking World Museum where we saw a statue of Hrafna Floki, the first Norseman to intentionally sail to Iceland, as well as Íslendingur, a replica of the Viking ship that sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 2000.

Turf House

 

Hrafna Floki

 

Our guide then took us into downtown Reykjavik to see a statue of Lief Erikson.  He is probably the best-known hero of Viking-age Iceland and the first European to arrive in North America (probably on the East coast of Canada). His voyage in the year 1000 preceded the voyage by Christopher Columbus by roughly half a millennium.  The statue stands in front of the Hallgrimskirkja Church, a Lutheran parish church, the largest church in Iceland and among the tallest structures in the country.  It is known for its distinctively curved spire and side wings.  We went inside, and I saw that it had a large pipe organ.  I spied a leaflet that announced an organ recital the following Sunday when we would be back in Reykjavik, and I hoped we would be able to attend.  Our motor coach drove us up the highest hill in Reykjavik for views of the city and surrounding area and then back down to Café Loki for lunch.  We had our introduction to Icelandic brown (or light rye) bread and were told it was best eaten with a mountain of fresh butter.  After lunch, our coach delivered us to the domestic airport for the flight north to the town of Akureyri which sits in the base of a fjord.  Once there, we checked into the Hotel Kea.

Statue of Lief Erikson in front of church

 

Reykjavik with church on the left

 

In the morning, we drove past the base of the fjord and on to the magnificent Godafoss waterfall fed by glacial waters.  Our group wasn’t the only one there to take pictures and admire its beauty.  We then drove along Lake Myvatn whose geothermal waters are a sanctuary for bird life.  We saw many Eider ducks, the only species in Iceland, and some large snow geese.  We stopped briefly at a village on the shores of the lake to view a church surrounded by lava.  We were told that during the Krafla eruption in 1727, there was a two-year period of volcanic activity sending streams of lava toward the lakeshore.  In August 1729 the flow plowed through the village, destroying farms and buildings, but the wooden church was spared. The lava parted, missing the church by only yards.

Godafoss

 

Lake Myvatn with ducks and geothermal area in the background

 

As if this day wasn’t exciting enough, we came to the Hverir geothermal area under the Namafjall mountain that belongs in the Krafla volcano fissure zone.  At a depth of over a half mile, the temperature is about 400 degrees Fahrenheit. The water that flows below the surface is quickly heated and comes back to the surface transformed into steam containing hydrogen sulfide that causes the characteristic smell of rotten eggs.  There were also bubbling mud pools, steam vents and a bare orangey-red landscape.  As there were few paths, we were free to just walk around the area.  The Krafla geothermal power station was nearby with its two large turbines generating electricity.  We ate lunch at the Vogafjós Cowshed Restaurant. A staff member came outside and showed us the holes in the ground that were warm enough for them to bake the brown bread they served in the restaurant.

Hverir geothermal area

 

Holes where bread in white buckets is placed for baking

 

          As we drove back to our lodging, we went through an area consisting of huge lava rock formations called Dimmuborgir where the Icelandic Yule lads live.  These merry, but mischievous, fellows are rumored to take turns visiting kids on the 13 nights leading up to Christmas.  Hearing this story reminded me of the tale our local guide told us after picking us up at the airport.  She said the majority of Icelanders (like her) believe in, or at least refuse to deny the existence of elves, trolls and other hidden beings.  Icelanders have a rich storytelling tradition and stories about elves and hidden people are part of their heritage.  We continued on driving by pseudo craters formed by gas explosions when boiling lava flowed over the wetlands. The craters are a popular site for birdwatchers and are protected as a natural wetland conservation area.  We arrived back at our hotel after a wonderful day exploring the unusual natural beauty of Iceland.

Dimmuborgir

 

Trolls

 

          In the morning, we flew back to Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, and checked into the Centrum Hotel.  Our local guide took us to see the Albingi Parliament House, the oldest current legislature in the world.  The Black Cone Monument to Civil Disobedience stands in front of the building.  It was inspired by the Pots and Pans Revolution, the protests that took place between 2009 and 2011 in the wake of the Icelandic financial crisis and the government’s poor handling of the situation.  Considered the largest-scale protests in Icelandic history at the time, thousands of people gathered before the parliament and demanded changes to the old system. Iceland is one of the most gender equal countries in the world, and a woman is often the president or prime minister.

Black Cone Monument

  

Back in the city, we saw a film about volcanoes in Iceland at the Volcano House.  It featured a story about Eldfell, a volcanic cone over 660 feet high on the island of Heimaey which is just south of the mainland. The cone formed during a volcanic eruption which began with no warning on January 23, 1973.  The name means Hill of Fire in Icelandic.  The eruption caused a major crisis for the island and led to its temporary evacuation. Volcanic ash fell over most of the island, destroying around 400 homes, and a lava flow threatened to close off the harbor, the island's main income source via its fishing fleet.  Because of severe storms in the days before the eruption, almost the entire fishing fleet was in the harbor, a stroke of luck which greatly assisted the organization of the rapid evacuation.  The population was alerted to the situation by fire engines sounding their sirens, and gathered by the harbor with just the small number of possessions they were able to carry.  Within six hours of the onset of the eruption, almost all of the 5,300 people of the island were safely on the mainland.

In the afternoon, we could have gone to the Blue Lagoon, a geothermal spa, but instead we walked to the Hallgrimskirkja Church to attend the Sunday organ concert.  It featured Dexter Kenned from the U.S., the previous year’s winner of the Chartres International Organ Competition, “the Olympics of the organ.”  We arrived early and took front row seats so we could watch him play the four keyboards, pedals and 72 stops.  The acoustics were great.  Afterward, we were able to speak to the organist and thank him for a wonderful concert.  We then met some of our fellow travelers at the Fishmarket Restaurant for fresh seafood.  I dipped my tasty langoustine in butter, and the seafood melted in my mouth.

Organ

 

We were joined at breakfast the next day by the new arrivals who did not participate in the pre-trip. All of us boarded a motor coach that drove to the Fridheimar Farm.  We had a wonderful tour of their greenhouses known for growing tomatoes all year round in a very efficient manner.  Inexpensive electric lighting was used to supplement natural sunlight when necessary.  Carbon dioxide from natural steam was used to stimulate photosynthesis.  Volcanic pumice was included as a stable ingredient in the growing media.  Biological controls were used instead of pesticides, and bumble bees were used for pollination.  Everything was automated, for example, the soil was monitored for moisture content to determine the amount of irrigation water needed. 

The farm also bred Icelandic horses, and we saw a show performed mainly by the young children of the family.  Icelandic horses are a very special breed.  Horses usually have four natural gaits: walk, trot, canter and gallop.  In addition to these, the Icelandic horse has a smooth and desirable gait called Tölt and a faster gait called Flying pace.  This breed of horse has other unique qualities.  It is smaller and sturdier and also notably more intelligent and social.  This is said to be because early settlers could only bring their very best animals.  Importing more horses is forbidden in Iceland.  Therefore, all horses are descendants of these early special ones.  The young children had been well trained in riding, even standing up on the backs of the horses.  This was an excellent stop, both informative and entertaining.

Family children who performed on Icelandic horses

 

Next, we joined the large crowd at Gullfoss Falls before going on to the Geysir Hot Springs to watch the regular eruptions.  We visited the Thingvellir National Park, the open-air site of the ancient Parliament.  It met here from about 930 to 1798, but it was abolished by decree of the Danish crown in 1800.  The Park also contained an incredible exposure of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. In the oceans to the north and south of Iceland, the ridge lies one and a half miles below the surface, forming a rift that separates the North American plate from the Eurasian plate. The rift spreads apart at a rate of almost an inch/year.  There are actually two rift zones in Iceland, and I was walking around in the Western rift.  I straddled it, having one leg on each plate, one side of me being pulled toward the North American continent and the other being pulled toward Europe. However, I would have to stand there a long time before I felt the pull. As we returned to Reykjavik on a road by the harbor, we saw a modern sculpture of a Viking ship called The Sun Voyager.  Then our ship came into view, the National Geographic Explorer, where we would sleep for the next seven nights.

Gullfoss Falls

 

Geysir Hot Springs

 

Thingvellir National Park

 

National Geographic Explorer

 

All of us ate breakfast in a hurry the next day and went out on deck to watch for species of birds as we headed for the West Coast of Iceland.  The first birds we saw in the water were the expected razorbills.  We sailed past the immense Latrabjarg cliffs, the westernmost point of Iceland and home to a huge population of razorbills.  The cliffs are an area once famous for egg collecting; the men were tied to ropes and lowered like spiders down on the ledges.

Latrabjarg cliff bird colony

 

We then continued to Flatey Island, a trading post for many centuries, and were taken on a guided walking tour.  A small white church was the most prominent landmark, and its steeple marked the highest point on the island.  The interior of the church was decorated by the painter Baltasar Samper with scenes of the island’s past including fishermen and farmers.  We walked through the church cemetery to read the old tombstones.  The meadows had some pretty wildflowers and we saw more birds, like the arctic tern, a female mallard duck with ducklings and (while on the zodiac taking us back to the ship) a puffin.

Flatey Island

 

Painting in church

 

Arctic tern

 

Following in the wake of Eric the Red and Brendan the Navigator, the next day our ship crossed the Denmark Strait on our way to Greenland.  Since it was a day at sea, we took the opportunity to visit the ship’s bridge where we could examine the maps and navigational equipment including the sonar used for detecting icebergs.  We spent some time on the deck keeping an eye out for whales and saw that we were followed by dolphins and pilot whales, including three young calves.

Ship’s radar

 

After three nights and two full days on board, I could enthusiastically say we were very happy with our ship and room.  Our previous trips with National Geographic/Lindblad had been on ships which could accommodate fewer guests: the Sea Bird on the Columbia River with 62 guests and the chartered barge in Holland with 32-35 guests.  The Explorer had a capacity of 148 guests; still not a really big ship.  As usual, we had chosen a cabin in the middle, both bow to stern and top to bottom deck.  Our cabin was in the middle of three rooms nestled off the biggest pathway, so it was very quiet.  It was an easy walk to the restaurant, up one flight to the lounge, and down one or two flights when leaving the ship.  All meals were open seating, so we met a large number of people, but quickly discovered the ones with whom we best communicated and sought them out.  There was no charge for wine or drinks. 

In the late afternoon, there was always a program in the lounge with drinks, hors d'oeuvres and talks by the ship’s crew reviewing all we had seen and done that day.  There were specialists on flora, sea life, history and so forth who showed photographs and gave appropriate background information.  On days at sea, we had a daytime lecture by a guest that National Geographic invited on the trip.  They also brought college students on these trips to stimulate their interests.  I loved it.  We even met a couple from our home town of Columbia, MO, a medical doctor and his wife.

Each night while we were at dinner, the cabin steward lowered a heavy blind over our port window to keep out the nearly constant daylight at this latitude.  When I raised it the next morning, I was surprised to see the sea full of ice.  The captain announced that we would not be sailing into their first choice of fjord’s today because there was class C ice across its mouth, and our ship was not equipped to sail through this class of ice.  The Greenland Ice Sheet, roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland, is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet. 

What I saw out the window

 

We saw and sailed around some very beautiful large icebergs.  More to our liking, it was announced that we were going to spend another day at sea sailing around looking for whales.  We were not disappointed.  We saw ones with which we were familiar like the killer whale and the humpback whale, but more impressively we saw the small minke whale, the fin whale (the second largest) and the blue whale which is the largest animal known to have ever existed.  We were so thrilled that during the day the ship found and followed some of the largest species of whales we would ever see.  This day alone was worth the price of the trip.

Iceberg

 

Whale sizes

 

In the morning, we could see land in the distance and still many icebergs and ice floes.  We entered Prins Christian Sund, a major fjord on the southern coast of Greenland that is surrounded by mountain pinnacles and glaciers.  The ship anchored off Nanortalik, Greenland's most southerly town and we rode zodiacs to shore.  We walked to a little church where a native women’s chorus sang a song for us in their language.  No big organ, just a basic wooden four-octave keyboard.

Nanortalik

 

Chorus

 

Organ  

 

Next, we walked to an auditorium where the young people entertained us with a traditional dance.  They laughed and had fun.  Afterward, we walked through their open-air museum which provided examples of life from known settlement time to the late 20th century. The buildings were original or convincing replicas with different themes. There were carvings, clothing, photos, boats and kayaks as well as examples of daily work and home life. It gave us a good sense of the history of the town.

Young people dancing

 

Equipment for processing whale blubber

 

Our next stop was at Hvalsey or Qaqortukulooq (in Greenlandic). It is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the site of Greenland's largest, best-preserved Norse ruins.  According to the Icelandic Book of Settlements, this farmstead was established by Erik the Red's uncle in the late 10th century.  In the 14th century, the site belonged to the Kings of Norway and included a church that served the area and a large farmstead on the flat land between the sea and the rocky hills.  There was a pier where our zodiacs let us off.  From there, we had to walk up uneven grass turf which made me glad I had my walking stick. We had time to explore the area and listen to talks by the ship’s historian at the ruins of two stone great halls.  There were ruins of an additional 14 homes close to a church house. The old hall was in the middle of the ruins. The newer hall was well-preserved. Our lecturer provided theories about why the site was abandoned, including bad weather resulting in lost crops and unproductive land.

Hvalsey great hall

 

The ship then continued to Qaqortoq, the largest city in Southern Greenland.  Inhabited since Norse times, the Scandinavian influence was still apparent in the colorful wooden buildings and town museum, displaying Greenlandic kayaks, hunting equipment, art and crafts.  We walked through the town and saw boulders and lichen-covered rocks with carvings of whales, faces and other traditional designs. It was like a permanent open-air art gallery.  A local artist oversaw the creation of many separate carvings and sculptures including some made out of local boulders, while others looked more like re-creations of ancient tribal markings of fish and whales.  Together these stone-works are a citywide work of art known as Stone & Man.

Qaqortoq

 

Rock carvings

 

We sailed into Eriksfjord, the area Erik the Red chose for his farm when he settled here in 982 AD.  There was no pier, so the ship’s crew brought a small bridge that we walked over from our zodiac to land.  We explored two buildings, a chapel and a longhouse.  Brattahlid was the site of the first Christian church in the western hemisphere.  According to legend, Erik's son, Leif the Lucky, introduced Christianity to Greenland.  Erik himself did not become a Christian, but his wife did.  She built a church but had it sited some distance from the farmstead so as not to antagonize Erik.  A reconstruction of her really small chapel stood near the original site along with a replica of a Viking longhouse.  Brattahlid had some of the best farmland in Greenland, owing to its location at the inner end of fjord, which protected it from the cold foggy weather and arctic waters of the outer coast.  This region was also the starting point of the first voyages to North America by his son, Leif Eriksson, 500 years before Columbus.

Bridge to shore

 

Small chapel

 

Flat farmland

 

The next day we visited Nuuk, the world’s smallest capital city and the largest city of Greenland, a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark.  Greenland’s residents are citizens of Denmark.  Nuuk is both the seat of government and the country's largest cultural and economic center. It has many tall and modern buildings.  We visited the National Museum with its famous 15th-century “Greenland” mummies that were the subject of a National Geographic cover story.

Nuuk

 

Mummies

 

          We spent our last day aboard the ship exploring the rugged coastline of Western Greenland.  While some people went ashore and took a long hike, Diane and I took a zodiac cruise along the shoreline enjoying the lively waterfalls.  Others, for some reason I would never understand, went down to the ship’s lowest level where the crew set up a platform that allowed them to jump into the frigid arctic waters.  One of the ship’s undersea specialists launched a remote-control vehicle to observe and photograph the marine life inhabiting the fjord floor.  The images were shown later at our last cocktail hour briefing.

            The next morning, a motor coach took us to have a closer view of the Greenland Icecap near the town of Kangerlussuaq.  We weren’t close enough for much of a view.  Before dropping us off at the nearby airport, we briefly toured the town.  They stopped for us to see some huskies.  Unfortunately, the dogs started fighting with each other, and it was not a good scene.  Diane and I quickly re-entered the bus.  The airport was very busy with long lines everywhere.  We were very happy to finally board our chartered aircraft and fly to Ottawa, Canada where we spent the night.  On July 30, 2015, we flew to Toronto and then to St. Louis where we met our MOX shuttle and were delivered to our front door.  Traveling with National Geographic was always so interesting.  It made me remember why my father had subscribed to their magazine.

Closest view of a glacier